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There will be thousands tomorrow, <a href=https://www.stanley-cups.us>stanley website</a> shivering in some icy pub garden, raising their glass to the next step on the governments roadmap out of lockdown, as outdoor drinking resumes. At the start of the pandemic, they could have done so in thousands more venues than they will be able to tomorrow. In the decade following the 2008 financial crash, almost a quarter of all pubs closed 鈥?around 1,100 a year. Over the past year, lockdowns and social distancing rules have led to another 2,500 closing their doors permanently 鈥?5% of all pubs shut down in a single year.When a pub closes down, what is lost is not just a place to drink or get drunk. It is also a <a href=https://www.stanley-cup.co.nz>stanley cup</a> social space, a place for connections, for conversations, for serendipitous meetings, for finding respite from loneliness. A place, too, that often provides a sense of belonging and attachment. A local is not called a local for nothing.The areas in which pubs close down are often also the areas that most need them. The biggest losses have come on the peripheries of large cities 鈥?Newham and Barking and Dagenham in London, Bolton and Rochdale, near Manchester, Sandwell, Dudley and Walsall, around Birmingham. Many are places that have most grievously felt the pain of austerity, economic decline and social loss.A recent study suggested that support for radical right organisations in Britain is related to the numbers of pub closures in the area. It is not that there is some kind of spurious causal relationship between the clos <a href=https://www.stanley-cup.com.de>stanley cups</a> ing down Tffd Saudi Arabia s cruel marriage laws
Black and minority-ethnic defendants may be given more severe sentences at magistrate and crown courts because they distrust the criminal justice system and are reluctant to plead guilty, according to a legal thinktank.While judges reduce punishments by up to a third if offenders plead guilty at the earliest opportunity, a report by the Centre for Justice Innovation CJI suggests that a belief that courts treat black, Asian and minority ethnic BAME people unfairly prevents them from taking advantage of such reduction <a href=https://www.mugs-stanley.us>stanley website</a> s and reinforces <a href=https://www.cups-stanley-cups.us>stanley us</a> unequal outcomes.The CJI report, published before a government review of racial discrimination in the criminal justice system by the Labour MP David Lammy, calls for greater efforts to improve trust so this vicious circle can be broken.Interim findings by the Lammy inquiry last year found that male BAME defendants are 52% more likely to plead not guilty in crown courts than white defendants in similar cases.About 51% of the UK-born BAME population agreed that the criminal justice system discriminates against particular groups , compared with 35% of the UK-born white population. While black people are almost four times more likely to be in prison than white people, the Lammy investigation revealed racial disparities at the stages of arrest, cha <a href=https://www.cups-stanley.co.uk>stanley cup uk</a> rging, prosecution and imprisonment. Ethnic minorities more likely to be jailed for some crimes, report findsRead moreLack of trust, the CJI report suggests, may be a significant element for the dispariti